Aniline salt. The benzene is first converted to nitrobenzene which is in turn reduced to phenylamine. It is known to produce aniline by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. We prefer a molar excess of hydrogen of at least 20%, advantageously 50- The nitrobenzene is introduced in liquid or partly vaporized form together with the hydrogen. The major players involved in the production of nitrobenzene including BASF SE, Huntsman Corporation and Covestro AG are vertically integrated, indicating their domination in the manufacturing process of aniline and MDI. These make it possible to maintain a temperature of 280 to 290 C. 1700 kg. It is advantageous to use for the introduction, two-component nozzles which permit the simultaneous introduction of nitrobenzene and hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas. 85, Sept. 1959, pages 68-70 and 72; 4 pages. (Cl. The market for nitrobenzene is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 3.5% during the forecast period. per hour of aniline are obtained in the separator (i.e., 99.5% of the theoretical yield) and 580 kg. To understand geography trends, Download Sample Report. Major factors driving the market studied increasing demand for aniline, easy availability of raw materials, and growing construction activities in Asia Pacific regions. Through these nozzles, 800 kg. Example 2 To carry out the reaction, a cylindrical reaction vessel is used having a diameter of 1.2 meters and a height of 8 meters in the lower end of which a grate is provided to ensure uniform distribution of the circulating gas supplied to the vessel from below. The latter is returned through a preheater to the process with the aid of a circulating pump. Aniline salt is given from this reaction. Benzene is nitrated by replacing one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring by a nitro group, NO 2. Since, ~90% of the nitrobenzene is used as a precursor to aniline. of nitrobenzene and 1120 cubic meters (S.T.P) of fresh hydrogen are supplied per hour with the aid of a pump to the two-component nozzles in uniform distribution. per hour of circulating gas are supplied to the vessel below the distributor grate. They are so arranged that their distance is at least 0.3 meter from one another. Moreover, working under pressure prolongs catalyst life. By simple distillation it is obtained with a purity of nearly 100% and a content of nitrobenzene of less than 0.01%. Part of this amount of catalyst can be replaced by fresh or regenerated catalyst prior to its return. The reaction temperature is kept between 200 and 400 0., preferably between 250 and 300 C. A tube nest containing a heat-absorbing liquid is provided in the vessel for heat withdrawal. The Chemours Company is a leading producer of aniline intermediates and derivatives. The total life is important for the frequency of catalyst replacement. The root pertaining to the production of the nitrobenzene by phenyl amination is no longer employed. 1. Pressures of more than 4, especially 5 to 10 or more, e.g., 10 to 25 atmospheres, are preferred. Nitrobenzene is almost entirely consumed in aniline production. The process may be carried out under normal pressure, but it is advantageous to apply increased pressure. Regeneration of the catalyst is necessary after 300 hours, for example with a catalyst consisting of copper applied to silicic acid at a throughput of about 150 kilo grams of nitrobenzene per kilogram of catalyst because after this period of small amount of nitrobenzene, about 0.1%, appears in the reaction product. Attempts have been made to overcome the said difficulty by using a large excess of hydrogen in order to lead away the heat. is charged with 75 liters of a catalyst which consists of active alumina with of copper and has a mean grain size of 0.3 mm. These companies are vertically integrated i.e.
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