There, local councils were elected from 20 neighbourhoods (Nahia) and these councils elected representatives from their members to serve on six district councils (Qada). p. 177, Sargon George Donabed, Forging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century (Croydon, UK: E dinburgh, 2015), and, "From Lingua Franca to Endangered Language The Legal Aspects of the Preservation of Aramaic in Iraq" by, Schanzer, Jonathan. They claimed that Kurdish housing project was naturally to change the demographic, economic, and civic structure of the Christian regions in only few short years; a process that forced the Christian to emigrate as the vacant homes were overtaken by 'the Kurds'. . Retaliation strikes and further protests have occurred deteriorating the security situation. by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint. There is no single city council that singularly governs Baghdad at a municipal level. The Nezamiyeh was founded by the Persian Nizam al-Mulk, who was vizier of two early Seljuk sultans. Baghdad was brought under Ottoman rule in 1638 and remained under Ottoman rule until 1917, when it was captured by the British during World War I. Retrieved 14 February 2015. ), Baghdad: The City in Verse (Harvard, 2013)[125] Baghdad joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Literature in December 2015.[126]. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown in a coup d’état and the First Republic was established. [citation needed], The Golden Gate Palace, the residence of the caliph and his family, was in the middle of Baghdad, in the central square. Human Rights Watch reported that there have been disputes between some Kurds and minorities, including Christians about lands. Kurdish authorities have tried to win favor with the minority communities by spending millions of Iraqi dinars to build a pro-Kurdish system of patronage in minority communities, making them wealthier, financing alternative civil society organizations to compete with, undermine, and challenge the authority of established groups, many of which oppose Kurdish rule. It has been estimated by War Child that 2.6 million Iraqis are still displaced by the conflict and that nearly 9 million are in need of humanitarian assistance. Besides these southern regions bordering Khuzestan in Iran, large numbers of Mandaeans can be found in Baghdad in the Dweller's Quarters, giving them easy access to the Tigris River. From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha. In 2006, an Orthodox priest, Boulos Iskander, was snatched off the streets of Sunni city of Mosul by a Sunni group that demanded a ransom. Today, it is a place where the citizens of Baghdad find leisure such as reading poetry in gazebos. [42] Although Arabic was used as the international language of science, the scholarship involved not only Arabs, but also Persians, Syriacs,[43] Nestorians, Jews, Arab Christians,[44][45] and people from other ethnic and religious groups native to the region. Many cities in Iraq are of religious importance to the Sunni and Shiite Muslims. Non-Syriac Iraqi Christians are largely Arab Christians and Armenians, and a very small minority of Kurdish and Iraqi Turkmen Christians. In 2014, Al Qaeda officially cut ties with ISIS. Within eight days following the 2003 invasion, however, only 35 of the 650 animals in the facility survived. The Mandaean faith is commonly known as the last surviving Gnostic faith and its adherents believe it to be the oldest faith on Earth. The scores here indicate a strong GDP, strong social support, but low generosity and little freedom to make life choices were also indicated. Judaism first came to Iraq under the rule of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. According to the United Nations, Christians and Arabs, especially those who fled due to targeted attacks, reportedly do not face difficulties in entering the Kurdistan Region but have difficulties obtaining refugee status from the central government. Also since the invasion of Iraq, Assyrians and Armenians have been targeted by Islamist extremist organisations. Cities in northern and northeastern ancient Assyria were raided and attacked by the Kurds of Persian Azerbaijan, "who killed, looted, and enslaved the indigenous population", and the Kurds were moving into various regions in east of ancient Assyria. Radio Dijlah offices, in the Jamia neighborhood of Baghdad, have been attacked on several occasions. He claims that this is directly connected to the problems of "illegal land seizures". On 2 August 2011, a Catholic church was bombed by Sunni extremists in Turkmen area of Kirkuk, wounding more than 23 Christians. The day after the American departure, Prime Minister Al Maliki ordered the arrest of President Tariq al-Hashimi, the nation’s highest-ranking Sunni, on charges of murder and terrorism. This was the official name on coins, weights, and other official usage, although the common people continued to use the old name. Mutanabbi Street is located near the old quarter of Baghdad; at Al Rasheed Street. [57] Four great libraries were established in Baghdad during this period. Another contemporary source described the region of Adiabene thus: '[T]he plain of Hadyab was entirely inhabited by the Nestorians but the Kurds have occupied it and depopulated it of its inhabitants'. The Assyrian people adopted Christianity in the 1st century[4] and Assyria in northern Iraq became the centre of Eastern Rite Christianity and Syriac literature from the 1st century until the Middle Ages. Thousands more have fled to escape religious persecution, abduction, enslavement and death. This page was last edited on 14 November 2020, at 17:36. [6] Iraq's indigenous Assyrian people represent roughly 3% of the population (earlier CIA Factbook), mostly living in Northern Iraq, concentrated in the Ninewa and Dahuk governorates. In the central part of the building, there was a green dome that was 39 m high.
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