and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. In this essay, we summarize a decade of work, raising four issues that . This can ultimately cause it to weaken and die. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)); chlorophyll, soluble protein, and MDA contents; and the root histograms were analyzed. Black Friday & Cyber Monday Deals ALL Week Long During Our Green Week! Five graded levels of boron were applied (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha⁻¹) to cauliflower once in both the years to assess the direct effect of boron fertilization in soil while cowpea and okra were grown as a succeeding test crops to study the concomitant residual effects of boron fertilization in cauliflower–cowpea-okra cropping sequence. The ongoing acceptance of boron's essentiality is, therefore, challenged here by the deliberately provocative proposal that it is not essential in the conventional sense because it is always toxic and so cannot have a primary role. This viewpoint therefore requires an explanation of how control is achieved over the adverse effects of the simultaneous toxicity of both boron and relevant phenylpropanoids. It would thus appear that all previous proposals for its primary role would need to have had any effects attributable to phenolics eliminated before others were added. Boron is taken up through a plant’s root system from its growing medium, in both soil and hydroponic growing systems. Boron is essential for normal development of root nodules in legumes such as alfalfa, soybeans, and peanuts. Recommended dose of NPK fertilizer along with FYM for each crops were uniformly applied. However, we shouldn’t discount the usefulness of boron for plants just yet. Boron deficiency will still allow the plant to grow to a reasonable size, but in a weaker state. Caution: The leaves of many types of plants are damaged by the application of boron so it is best to apply it to the soil or hydroponic solution. That endogenous phenolic acids with cis‐hydroxyl groups (such as caffeic, chlorogenic, hydroxyferulic, quinic and dehydroquinic acids and derivatives from them) accumulate when boron is in short supply with adverse metabolic effects, reflected in disturbed development, has been known for over 60 years. Another great approach to correcting a boron deficiency is through supplementation. Boron's role in the plant is not fully understood. Conclusion The findings of present work suggest that increasing concentrations of B inhibited growth and photosynthetic pigments, increased oxidative damage and activities of antioxidant enzymes; however, a mild stress of B increased essential oil production in M. arvensis and C. flexuosus plants. When metabolic circumstances allow these phenolics to accumulate endogenously in the cytoplasm, their own inherent toxicity is also alleviated, partially at least, by formation of complexes with boron. I. Raskin), Boron in water, soils and plants. Get exclusive discounts & the latest product releases. The tested samples displayed considerable differences in element concentrations, depending on the level of anthropogenic activities, with the highest concentrations of elements observed in samples from Stolice and Piskanja, the sites with most intensive human influence. It moves with water in plant’s tissues and accumulates in the leaves; therefore, Boron uptake and accumulation are directly dependent on the rate of transpiration. All rights reserved. Furthermore, excess boron accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and induced cellular oxidative injury. This was enabled by exploitation of boron's ability to be chemically bound to compounds with cis‐hydroxyl groups. This assessment contrasts with the roles of other essential micronutrients that generally have restricted, specific roles. The current study aims to understand the adaptation strategy of tomato plant against excess B and drought stresses. Although some chemical binding occurs with pectic polysaccharides, this is not here regarded as a controlling effect compared with that due to phenolics, the constitutive synthesis of which is so important for the elaboration of lignin, development of xylem and the colonization of land. The alternative, here postulated, is that boron is, and always has been, potentially toxic, a feature which, for normal growth, development and reproduction, needed to be nullified. However, identification of germplasm for the boron deficiency and boron toxicity tolerance is crucial for agricultural planning. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, Molecular physiology of adventitious root formation in, The essentiality of certain elements in minute quantity for plants with special reference to copper, Cafeic acid affects early growth, and morphogenetic response of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (, The role of plant phenolics in defence and communication during, Plant–plant allelopathic interactions: phenolic acids, cover crops and weed emergence, Role of phenolics and boron in reproductive success of seasonally transient sterile, Orchestrating rapid long‐distance signalling in plants with Ca, Wound‐induced phenolic accumulation and browning in lettuce (, Boron bridging of rhamnogalacturonan‐II is promoted, Stress‐induced phenylpropanoid metabolism, Response of the plant hormone network to boron deficiency, Arsenic toxicity in plants: cellular and molecular mechanisms of its transport and metabolism, Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake.
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