[64], Rare etched carnelian bead have been found in Egypt, which thought to have been imported from the Indus Valley Civilization through Mesopotamia. The Lapis lazuli material is thought to have been imported through Mesopotamia from Afghanistan. [37][38][39], While there is clear evidence the Naqada II culture borrowed abundantly from Mesopotamia, the most commonly held view today is that the achievements of the First Dynasty were the result of a long period of indigenous cultural and political development. Mesopotamia and Egypt had different types of governance. [28], The fact that so many Gerzean sites are at the mouths of wadis which lead to the Red Sea may indicate some amount of trade via the Red Sea (though Byblian trade potentially could have crossed the Sinai and then be taken to the Red Sea). * Contrast #2: Egyptian women could have greater impact on society, like Egyptian Queen. [21] The designs are similar to those of Mesopotamia, where they were invented during the early 4th millennium BCE, during the Uruk period, as an evolutionary step from various accounting systems and seals going back as early as the 7th millennium BCE. History-World: Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared. [23] Cylinder seals appear in Egypt, as well as recessed paneling architecture, the Egyptian reliefs on cosmetic palettes are clearly made in the same style as the contemporary Mesopotamian Uruk culture, and the ceremonial mace heads which turn up from the late Gerzean and early Semainean are crafted in the Mesopotamian "pear-shaped" style, instead of the Egyptian native style. In Egypt most of the economic activity took place in farming while Mesopotamia economic activity took place in trade. The women of ancient Egypt enjoyed more status, respect and opportunity than those of Mesopotamia did. Egyptian statuette, 3300–3000 BC. From Nimrud, Iraq. Those governed under this centralized rule knelt before the pharaoh when he passed by and were banned from touching him or making eye contact. Egypt centralized government led to a sense of unity that allowed them to develop as a whole, and grow together. The Egyptian government was ruled by religion (Theocracy). See disclaimer. Donna G. Morton lives in Atlanta and has been writing for more than 27 years. You can get your custom paper from Egypt records various exchanges with West Asian foreigners from around 1900 BCE, as in the paintings of the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan. The original pyramidal structure, the Mesopotamian "Anu, Serpopard design in Mesopotamia and Egypt, A group of West Asiatic foreigners labelled as, Influences on Egyptian trade and art (3500–3200 BCE), Mesopotamian-style pottery in Egypt (3500 BCE), Importance of local Egyptian developments, Near Eastern genetic affinity of ancient Egyptian mummies, Early Dynastic Egypt (Routledge, 1999), p.15, "Because the reverse is not true, namely there is no trace of an Egyptian presence in Mesopotamia at that time, all seems to point to a flow of ideas from Mesopotamia to Egypt.". There were many similarities but many differences as well. 1970) pp. These dates challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia. During this time, Egyptians stayed along the river Nile (Seignobos, 123-127). Scribes came from noble families and were considered supreme among civil servants. Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata
[22][14], In addition, Egyptian objects were created which clearly mimic Mesopotamian forms, although not slavishly. It is the past which shapes what we become in the present. [14] Scientific analysis of ancient wine jars in Abydos has shown there was some high-volume wine trade with the Levant during this period. The geography of Ancient Egypt and Ancient India is obviously different. Mesopotamia and Egypt are two different civilizations that show some difference between them when it comes to their history and growth. This represents the power that the pharaoh had over Egypt. AbydosDynasty [34] Numerous Uruk cylinder seals have also been uncovered there. A monarchy is a government ruled by a king or military ruler. [24] The first man/animal composite creatures in Egypt were directly copied from Mesopotamian designs. Egypt and Mesopotamia had similarities and differences pertaining to their political and social structures. [34] The site of Buto in particular was suggested, but it has been rejected as a possible candidate. [70][71] Khyan, one of the Hyksos rulers, is known for his wide-ranging contacts, as objects in his name have been found at Knossos and Hattusha indicating diplomatic contacts with Crete and the Hittites, and a sphinx with his name was bought on the art market at Baghdad and might demonstrate diplomatic contacts with Babylon, possibly with the first Kassites ruler Gandash. The following categories are going, India. However, in Mesopotamia, the males subjugated the women. Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylon and the Babylonian Empire, ancient Mesopotamia, egypt, india, and china, Advancements, Achievements, and Architecture. [62], There is also a possibility that the depictions of the Mesopotamian king with a muscular, naked, upper body fighting his enemies in a quadrangular posture, as seen in the Stele of Naram-Sin or statues of Gudea (all circa 2000 BCE) were derived from Egyptian sculpture, which by that time had already been through its Golden Age during the Old Kingdom. Priests, however, cooperated with their governments and owned some of the land and craft shops. However, the system of government was different because Egyptian society was governed by a theocratic monarchy, while Mesopotamia was ruled by a traditional monarchy. The almighty pharaoh could authorize community projects, like the building of monumental pyramids. [1] Glyptic art also seems to have played a key role, through the circulation of decorated cylinder seals across the Levant, a common hinterland of both empire.
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