The smallest territorial police force in the UK is the City of London Police, which is responsible for the City of London and some of its extra-territorial possessions, the City having strongly resisted various plans in recent years to merge its force with the Metropolitan Police. Constable is the lowest rank in the police service, but all officers, whatever their rank are "constables" in terms of legal powers and jurisdiction. The new force was established on 1 April 2013. [3], At the beginning of 2005 it was announced that the Police Information Technology Organisation (PITO) had signed an eight-year £122 m contract to introduce biometric identification technology. [32] The announcement of this was followed by the head of the ACPO stating that "The necessary financial support has not materialised and mergers, including voluntary ones, will not take place". Category A: This category also encompasses deaths of those under arrest who are held in temporary police accommodation or have been taken to hospital following arrest. Information Commissioner refused to name them saying that The Parks Regulation Act 1872 provides for the attestation of parks constables. Cheshire was opposed to a merger with Merseyside, and West Mercia and Cleveland were holdouts in their regions, whilst all the Welsh forces opposed the creation of a single Welsh force. There are therefore no Community Support Officers in Scotland. The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) firearms unit is called CO19 (formerly SO19), but every force in England operates an armed response unit. As of December 2019, police numbers in Scotland were:[6]. In September 2005, in a report[6] delivered to the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, HM Inspectorate of Constabulary suggested that the forty-three force structure in England and Wales was "no longer fit for purpose" and smaller forces should be forcibly merged. Because they are not part of the United Kingdom, they are not answerable to the British Government; instead they are organised by and are responsible to their own governments (an exception to this is the Sovereign Base Areas Police - because the SBAs existence is purely for the benefit of the British armed forces and do not have full overseas territory status, the SBA Police are responsible to the Ministry of Defence). Up to 792 public authorities have powers that are restricted by RIPA.[15]. Special Constables, who are part-time, volunteer officers of these forces, used to have a more limited jurisdiction – limited solely to their own force areas and adjacent forces. There are a number of agencies that participate in law enforcement in the United Kingdom which can be grouped into three general types: The majority of law enforcement in the United Kingdom is carried out by territorial police forces that police the general public and their activities. These forces provide the majority of policing services to the public of England and Wales. At the same time, some commentators and academics have claimed that political correctness and excessive sensitivity to issues of race and class have reduced the effectiveness of the police force, not least for people living in deprived areas or members of minority groups themselves. [9] The proposals were debated in the House of Commons on December 19 2005. [19][20][21] The following day, the Home Secretary proposed a merger of all four forces in the Yorkshire and the Humber region. [24] Both the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Ian Blair, and the Mayor, Ken Livingstone, stated that they would like to see a single police force in London, with the Metropolitan Police absorbing the City of London Police and the functions of the British Transport Police in London.

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