Ringwood, A. E., 1962. Acta Geol Sin 2(4):343–359, Gao S, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu Y (2009) Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton. 6f) and the remaining gravity gradient effect \({\varvec{T}}_{zz}\) (Fig. Of the four components of the remaining gravity gradient anomalies, two components, namely \({\varvec{T}}_{xz}\) and \({\varvec{T}}_{zz}\), undergo relatively significant changes. It can be used as a homework assignment, lab activity, or as the basis of an interactive classroom activity. f 120 km depth. Earth's lithosphere encompasses rock that forms the surface layer of the crust and extends below to the beginning of the mantle. A notable spatial distribution pattern can be found for density anomalies in the whole eastern NCC, which adjoins to Bohai Bay. Short URL: https://serc.carleton.edu/62993.2562. Get your answers by asking now. The iterative scheme was theoretically justified by Sansò and Sideris (2016) and Mansi et al. (1997); Su et al. The highe density values 3.2 g/cm3 would correspond to contintal mantle, but the value is not cer- tain because of lack of absolute density calibration at depths larger than 40 km (the deepe ). What is the density of earth's hydrosphere in g/cm3? As a result, oceanic lithosphere is much younger than continental lithosphere: the oldest oceanic lithosphere is about 170 million years old, while parts of the continental lithosphere are billions of years old. A large amount of computation space is needed for the Lagrange multiplier to solve a large matrix, and therefore, empirical values are normally selected as the optimal choice for the regularization parameter. where the AGMU is the average gravity gradient effect caused by the uncertainty of the Moho layer depth, the Rm represents the fluctuation of average gravity gradient caused by the uncertainty of the Moho layer depth compared with the total remaining gravity gradient. As GOCE satellite gravity gradiometer consists of three-axis accelerometers, two of the axis are high sensitive and the other one is not so sensitive. Compared with those in Fig. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. YW provided the initial idea of this study, YT processed and designed all the data and experiments; then, YT applied the processed data and method to the North China Craton, YT and YW analysed the results, and YT wrote the paper. We used the tesseroids as the modelling units under the spherical coordinates. Develop a sense of magnitude for the density of earth materials. For more information about the peer review process itself, please see https://serc.carleton.edu/teachearth/activity_review.html. Geophysical Research Letters 34 L10302. Phys Earth Planet Inter 189(1–2):9–26, Li SL, Zhang XK, Zhang CK, Zhao JR, Cheng SX (2002) A preliminary study on crustal velocity structures of Maqin–Lanzhou–Jingbian deep seismic sounding profile. 2014), in this study, low-density anomalous blocks are more widely distributed in this area. Interfacial relief-corrected anomalous gravity gradient component. 8 years ago. J Geophys Res 109:B11301, Herceg M, Artemieva IM, Thybo H (2015) Sensitivity analysis of crustal correction for calculation of lithospheric mantle density from gravity data. The temperature data of the area between the depths of 70 km and 120 km were obtained using the Euler state equation based on S-wave tomography data (Yang et al. Tectonophysics 610(6):150–158, Wu FY, Xu YG, Gao S, Zheng JP (2008) Lithospheric thinning and destruction of the North China Craton. The gravitational field is the most basic and direct physical quantity reflecting the density and dynamics of the Earth’s internal structure. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xudong Str. Anti-noise ability test of PCG algorithm. In areas where such constraints are missing, crustal thicknesses are estimated using gravity constraints (Laske et al. The gravitational instability of mature oceanic lithosphere has the effect that at subduction zones, oceanic lithosphere invariably sinks underneath the overriding lithosphere, which can be oceanic or continental. The gravity gradient effect caused by the temperature variations at a height of 10 km was determined using the prism unit-based forward-modelling method (Nagy et al. (a) Bold black lines - phase diagram (after Spear, 1993). Therefore, we have to reduce the other known gravity gradient anomalies that can be determined by the other reliable measures. Of the three layers of the Earth -- the inner core, the mantle or middle layers, and the outer crust of the surface -- the lithosphere includes the crust and the upper portion of the mantle. These ideas were expanded by Reginald Aldworth Daly in 1940 with his seminal work "Strength and Structure of the Earth. The whole central NCC block is located in an orogenic belt, where the mantle temperature is relatively high (An and Shi 2007). The detailed and adequate value of \(\alpha_{i}\) can be referred to Tian et al. 3c, g, we adopted the previously determined sedimentary (Shen et al. 2c, the local extremes in Fig. Skinner, B. J., Porter, S. C., and Park, J., 2003. Adding the model objective function to the objective function gives the following formula (Li and Oldenburg 1998): which can be written as the equation set: Let \({\varvec{A}} = \left[ \begin{array}{c} {\varvec{G}} \hfill \\ \sqrt {k} {\varvec{W}}_{i} \hfill \\ \end{array} \right]\) represent the Jacobian matrix and \({\varvec{b}} = \left[ \begin{aligned} {\varvec{d}} \hfill \\ 0 \hfill \\ \end{aligned} \right]\), and Eq. c 42 km depth. The crustal thickness data in CRUST1.0 are derived from active source seismic studies and receiver function studies. Rheology of the lithosphere. As shown in Fig. For further discussions of the inhomogeneous density distribution caused by the component in the lithosphere, the gravity gradient effect caused by the temperature variations in the lithosphere should be separated. 5\times 1 0^{ - 5} \;{\text{K}}^{ - 1}\), \(( 3. Because the characteristics of the distribution of density anomalies are consistent with those of the surface structure, it is inferred that the characteristics of the distribution of density anomalies on the south and north sides of Ordos are affected by the deep dynamic processes in the orogenic belts on the two sides. The crust is distinguished from the upper mantle by the change in chemical composition that takes place at the Moho discontinuity. At a depth of 60 km (Fig. Based on the anomalous gravity gradient components obtained, the preconditioned conjugate gradient inversion algorithm was adopted to calculate the horizontal density structure in the NCC. This free density calculator determines any of the three variables in the density equation given the other two. The density of the continental (granitic) lithosphere is lower than oceanic (basaltic) lithosphere. J Geophys Res 116:B12312, Zhu RX, Yang JH, Wu FY (2012) Timing of destruction of the North China Craton. 5\ge \upsilon_{\text{p}} \ge 6.0 )} \hfill \\ {3.22 + 0.20 (\upsilon_{\text{p}} - 7.5 )} \hfill & { ( 8. 1a), for the space that mass-free outside the Earth surface, the Poisson integral equations can be valid for the downward continuation. The GOCE satellite gravity gradient data are processed. The average percentage of the gravity gradient value \({\varvec{T}}_{zz}\) regarding the every point between the temperature variations (Fig. At a depth of 25 km (Fig. The growth of continental crust. J Asian Earth Sci 22(4):383–397, Laske G, Masters G, Ma Z, Pasyanos M (2013) Update on CRUST1.0—a 1-degree global model of earth’s crust. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. As the spatial resolutions of the three models are different, the downloaded data are used with their original spatial resolution for the downward continuation and forward-modelling calculation, which makes the calculated results more reliable. Oceanic lithosphere is less dense than asthenosphere for a few tens of millions of years but after this becomes increasingly denser than asthenosphere.

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