Well, then, what was it that was the undoing of this age-old culture? Moreover, even if Indo-Aryans actually conquered some of the Indus cities and established hegemony over the local population, it has to be explained why they appear to have given up many of their distinctive material products while presumably retaining their distinctive speech. It appears likely that some complex of natural forces compromised the fabric of society and that subsequent human intervention hastened its complete breakdown. Another factor that coincided with, if not actually contributed to, the new process of change is the beginning and spread of iron working. An intriguing development occurs along the Saraswati valley: there the early Post-Urban stage is associated with the pottery known from the Cemetery H at Harappa. Historians thought so too. Changing salinity in lakes would have affected agriculture, but because it would not necessarily imply changes in rainfall and because it was a dry-crop region, this theory does not hold much water. Climatic, economic, political deterioration may have weakened it, but its ultimate extinction is more likely to have been completed by deliberate and large-scale destruction – a Late Period of Mohenjo-daro men, women and children appear to have been massacred there (Mackay 1937), but it has also been argued that the remains found are not of massacre victims but actually hasty interments. Youngzine is a one-of-a-kind Web site where children can learn about current news and events shaping their world -- in a simple, engaging and interactive manner. Youngzine is a tax-exempt 501c(3) nonprofit organization. Many of the Post-Urban settlements seem to have been abandoned, and traces are found of temporary settlements that were probably associated with nomadic pastoral groups and distinguished by the poverty of their material culture. The fourth theory posits the occurrence of an epidemic or a similar agent of devastation. There can be seen the variety of crops and domestic animals, the changing house types, suggestions of tribal chiefdoms, limited craft specialization, and trade. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. We now have clues as to what may have led to its downfall. From these processes a new cultural synthesis emerged, giving rise by the end of the 2nd millennium to the conscious expressions of Aryan ethnicity found in the Rigveda, particularly in the later hymns (see Early Vedic Period). Youngzine However, around 1800 B.C, the Indus Valley Civilization began to show signs of falling down a slow path of decline and deterioration. Alongside, a sociocultural cause was assumed to be occurring (like renewed settlement in northern Rajasthan with evolved technology), and together led to the demise of the Indus Civilization. Copper and bronze artifacts, though still relatively scarce, appear alongside stone blades and axes. At its peak, it accounted for around 10% of the world population at the time. However, based upon the May 2012 investigations by a research team led by geologist Liviu Giosan of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, it has been concluded that it was these very rivers that brought down the mighty civilization. Rigveda conflicts can be viewed as between newly arrived Aryan warriors and the indigenous Indus peoples. There certain copper or bronze weapons and tools appear to be of “foreign” type and may be compared to examples from farther west (Iran and Central Asia); a different but parallel change is seen at Pirak, not far from Mehrgarh. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In Saurashtra a similar if less extreme decline in the number of settlements is also evident. Altamira Press. Possehl, Gregory. A more recent and controversial theory put forward by such scholars as American Jim G. Shaffer and Indian B.B. The succeeding era, which lasted until about 750 bce, may be considered as Post-Harappan or, perhaps better, as “Post-Urban.”. "The story of Indus valley civilization, also known as Harappa civilization, is a story of a people intricately tied to their environment. Thank you :) Yeah, it's very sad how so much was lost over the course of the years-- if only we could regain history lost, I'm sure we'd discover so many new things. To be sure, Indus civilization people did not disappear. How did the indus valley civilization come to an end? Great article! The Indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile Indus River valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. The collapse of the urban system does not necessarily imply a complete breakdown in the lifestyle of the population in all parts of the Indus region, but it seems to have involved the end of whatever system of social and political control had preceded it. Along the Saraswati there is further evidence of the drying up of the Derawar oasis, with a further decline in the number and size of settlements. Singh’s coalition—its brief rise and fall, Congress government of P.V. The geography of India is one of great extremes, encompassing desert, mountains, forest, and jungle". Give three point Get the answers you need, now! Curious, isn’t it that a civilization which was thriving and doing so well could all of a sudden start to fall apart at the seams like that. It is sometimes suggested that this expansion may have been in some way a result of the end of the Indus civilization and that large numbers of “Harappans” migrated to the south.

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