Overall, 2.0% of the population screened positive for bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder was more common in younger age groups, being observed in: The World Mental Health Survey identified a rate of 2.4% across 11 countries outside the UK. In A&E, therapy can be given under coercion under Common Law if it is deemed that not doing so would cause harm to the patient or to others. Drugs commonly used are haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone. See the separate. Potential length of treatment and review arrangements. It used to be called manic depression. Substance misuse, smoking and alcohol intake. Elderly patients are also more likely to develop side-effects and have drug interactions. Topiramate and gabapentin are not recommended by NICE. A 2017 paper looked at the association of binge eating disorder with bipolar disorder[8]. Regular questioning about side-effects and suicidal ideation should occur. If patients are already on an antipsychotic and develop a further manic episode then either the dose of the antipsychotic should be increased to the maximum licensed dose or it should be increased to the maximum tolerated dose. It is important to note that the diagnosis of bipolar disorder should not be made if symptoms are thought to result from drug ingestion or drug withdrawal[2]. The manic episodes are severe and result in impaired functioning and frequent h… J Clin Psychiatry. Mania is characterised by elevated mood and increase in quantity and speed of physical and mental activity. Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. There may be weight loss, reduced appetite, altered sleep pattern with early morning wakening and loss of libido. A risk assessment of suicidal ideation should be made. Long-term therapy usually continues for two years but may be needed for as long as five years. ICD-10 further divides bipolar disorder into: Three of the following symptoms confirm mania: There may also be psychotic symptoms - eg, delusions and hallucinations. People with bipolar affective disorder are at higher risk for suicidal ideation and attempts, which lead to a poorer prognosis. Older patients should be treated as above. Is it safe to delay your period for your holiday? Butler M, Urosevic S, Desai P, et al; Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review [Internet]. J Psychopharmacol. No specific anti-manic medication is licensed in pregnancy. Education regarding diagnosis, treatment and side-effects. The diagnosis of mania in young patients is similar to that for adults but mania must be present. The findings showed that 18.6% of the individuals analysed filled the criteria for BE behaviour of whom 74% were female. Easily distracted - starting many activities and leaving them unfinished. Between episodes patients may lead a normal work life and a normal lifestyle. Rarely, rapid tranquilisation of patients with mania is required. Other therapies which may help include cognitive interpersonal therapy and behavioural couples therapy. Mortality is higher among people with bipolar disorder, with the standardised mortality ratio for cardiovascular disease reported to range from 1.2 to 3.0, and that for suicide ranging from 14.0 to 23.4. Please visit https://www.nice.org.uk/covid-19 to see if there is temporary guidance issued by NICE in relation to the management of this condition, which may vary from the information given below. If lithium is inappropriate (eg, the patient refuses regular monitoring) consider adding valproate. Medications - eg, steroids, isoniazid, L-dopa, sympathomimetic amines. Patients who present with an acute episode should be followed up once a week for six weeks and then every four weeks for the first three months. The literature occasionally refers to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification system which - whilst used in clinical practice in the USA - is primarily used for research purposes elsewhere. Bipolar disorder requires lifelong treatment and management[5]. Cerebral insults - eg, neoplasm, infarcts. Further details of how the two subtypes relate to current diagnostic systems can be found in the Diagnosis section. J Affect Disord. Valproate use should be avoided in women able to become pregnant. Hower H, Lee EJ, Jones RN, et al; Predictors of longitudinal psychosocial functioning in bipolar youth transitioning to adults. Epub 2018 Dec 26. In severe cases there may be delusions of persecution or illness or impending death. This article refers to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) which is the official classification system for mental health professionals working in NHS clinical practice. Medications that might be used in this situation are lamotrigine (especially in bipolar II disorder) or carbamazepine. All rights reserved. Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, et al; Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Aripiprazole has been recommended for moderate-to-severe manic episodes in adolescents with bipolar I disorder for up to 12 weeks in adolescents aged 13 and older[14]. If there is no response, lamotrigine on its own can be tried. If symptoms still continue then the patient should be referred to a mental health specialist. If it is considered that compulsory hospital admission would be in the patient's interest, the MHA or Common Law may need to be invoked. Anti-manic therapy should be optimised and compliance checked. If the second antipsychotic is ineffective at maximum licensed or tolerated dose, consider adding lithium.
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