Adapa Sumerian deity of healing, painting of a relief Wellcome M0005792.jpg 2,816 × … Enki was god of freshwater, male fertility, and knowledge. Until the advent of the legal, Sumerian city-states were under a virtually theocratic government controlled by various En or Ensí, who served as the high priests of the cults of the city gods. [28] Ninurta was the son of Enlil and Ninlil. Carved figure with feathers. [18][13]:184 All souls went to the same afterlife,[18] and a person's actions during life had no effect on how the person would be treated in the world to come. Nammu was the primeval sea (Engur), who gave birth to An (heaven) and Ki (earth) and the first deities; she eventually became known as the goddess Tiamat. The Sumerians regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders. Early Dynastic Period, c. 2600 BCE. Sumer, an ancient civilization . Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.jpg, Egyptian statue of..., Old Kingdom (?) [18][13]:184 The Akkadians attempted to harmonize this dual rulership of the underworld by making Nergal Ereshkigal's husband. Media in category "Art of Sumer" The following 134 files are in this category, out of 134 total. The gods Ninurta and Enlil kept their original Sumerian names. Ancient Orient Museum, Turkey.jpg, Reverse. Alabaster. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.jpg, Top register, Warka Vase, from Uruk, Iraq Museum.jpg, Top register, Warka Vase, Uruk, c. 3000 BCE, Iraq Museum.jpg, Top register, Warka Vase, Uruk. Statuette. We created Smarthistory to provide students around the world with the highest-quality educational resources for art and cultural heritage—for free. [13]:179 Male deities became dominant[13]:179 and the gods completely lost their original associations with natural phenomena. Sumer (/ ˈ s uː m ər /) is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. The main source of information about the Sumerian creation myth is the prologue to the epic poem Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld,[12]:30–33 which briefly describes the process of creation: originally, there was only Nammu, the primeval sea. [13]:203 Ordinary mortals could not go to heaven because it was the abode of the gods alone. The Sumerians envisioned the universe as a closed dome surrounded by a primordial saltwater sea. : Grave goods, the Mesopotamian afterlife, and the liminal role of Inana/Ištar", "Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy", "Anunna (Anunnaku, Anunnaki) (a group of gods)", Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumerian_religion&oldid=982604271, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 05:21. [16]:134[13]:184 Galla were a class of demons that were believed to reside in the underworld;[16]:85 their primary purpose appears to have been to drag unfortunate mortals back to Kur. [13]:179 Each Sumerian city-state had its own specific patron deity,[13]:179 who was believed to protect the city and defend its interests. [16]:85 They are frequently referenced in magical texts,[16]:85–86 and some texts describe them as being seven in number. The priesthood resided full-time in temple complexes, and administered matters of state including the large irrigation processes necessary for the civilization's survival. Utu was god of the sun, whose primary center of worship was the E-babbar temple in Sippar. [13]:179–180, The majority of Sumerian deities belonged to a classification called the Anunna (“[offspring] of An”), whereas seven deities, including Enlil and Inanna, belonged to a group of “underworld judges" known as the Anunnaki (“[offspring] of An” + Ki). The Sumerians regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders.[3]:3–4. C. 3000 BCE, Iraq Museum.jpg, Vessel stand with ibex support - MET - ED III.jpg, Votive wall plaque from Khafajah showing a wine drinking scene, Iraq, 2600-2370 BCE. Sumerian religion. C. 2380 BCE. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Sumerian male worshipper, from Iraq, precise provenance unknown (purchase or donation). Sumerian mythology and religious practices were rapidly integrated into Akkadian culture,[37] presumably blending with the original Akkadian belief systems that have been mostly lost to history. [16]:75 He was the patron and creator of humanity[16]:75 and the sponsor of human culture. Enlil separated heaven from earth and claimed the earth as his domain. [20] The Sumerians originally practiced a polytheistic religion, with anthropomorphic deities representing cosmic and terrestrial forces in their world.
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